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The electrons in this valence shell are the ones that form bonds with neighboring atoms. The outermost shell in the atom is known as a valence shell. Electrons arrange themselves in layers called shells inside an atom. To better understand how semiconductors work, users must understand atoms and how electrons organize themselves within the atom. Most semiconductors are composed of crystals made of several materials. The specific properties of a semiconductor depend on the impurities - known as dopants - added to it. The conductance can vary depending on the current or voltage applied to a control electrode or on the intensity of irradiation by infrared ( IR), visible light, ultraviolet or X-rays. A diode, integrated circuit ( IC) and transistor are all made from semiconductors. Semiconductors have properties that sit between the conductor and insulator. This makes it an ideal medium to control electrical current and everyday electrical appliances.Ī substance that can conduct electricity is called the conductor and a substance that cannot conduct electricity is known as the insulator. ![]() It is typically a solid chemical element or compound that conducts electricity under certain conditions but not others. A semiconductor is a substance that has specific electrical properties that enable it to serve as a foundation for computers and other electronic devices.
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